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We suggest your respect for a series of articles about our farmers, which will help you with the correct cultivation of potatoes and the cultivation of high yields.
The technology of potatoes cultivation includes many elements, each of which needs special attention.
Before starting a review of each element of potato cultivation technology, two main methods of cultivation should be distinguished - this is the hilling method, when it is hilled up and cultivation of potatoes without hilling up. On heavy bloated soils, hilling is mandatory, if soils are light and sandy there no need to hill up potatoes.
All this is explained by the increased requirements of tubers to the looseness of the soil and the presence of air in it. Cultivation is not allowed on overconsolidated soils, since the crop is directly formed in the ground itself.
Potatoes cannot be planted after solanaceous - peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, and of course after the potatoes themselves.
Constant cultivation of potatoes in one place for several years leads to the accumulation of diseases and pests in the soil and the one-sided removal of nutrients.
Since autumn, it ...
Potato is a culture for loose soil rich in organic and nutrient minerals. The bulk of the root system is located in the layer up to 20 cm deep, which means that the system of basic and preplant tillage should be directed to this layer.
When fertilizing potatoes, it must be taken into account that the formation is 300 kg of tubers per acre, and this is the crop that we should have in gardens, potatoes absorb 1.2-1.7 kg of nitrogen from the soil, 0.3-0.4 kg of phosphorus, 2 -3 kg of potassium, 0.6-1.2 kg of sulfur, 0.3-0.6 kg of magnesium and 0.6-1.0 kg of calcium.
It is also very important to provide plants with such important trace elements as copper, zinc, boron, manganese, etc. It is due to the introduction of fertilizers for potatoes that we get a surcharge of 35-40% of the crop.
The most efficient potato fertilization system combines the application of organic and mineral fertilizers.
To get early young potatoes, seeds for heating and germination are brought in at the end of January at the beginning of February in the bright and warm room (temperature 12-15°C) for the period of 30-35 days.
Before germination, seed potatoes are sorted to obtain good and healthy seed material. Potato seeds are usually germinated in plastic boxes of 6-10 kg.
For uniform and friendly germination, boxes with potatoes are rearranged every 5 days. Be sure to moisten early potatoes to reduce weight loss and for faster germination.
The presence of the large amount of light is the key to obtaining uniform seedlings. It is very important to maintain the even temperature in the room. But it must be remembered that exposure to direct sunlight reduces germination, therefore, it is possible to warm up in greenhouses only under agrofiber.
Planting potatoes is one of the most important technological operations in the process of cultivation of potatoes. Before planting, it is necessary to correctly determine the optimal planting time, the depth of planting tubers, as well as the layout of plants on the area.
It is believed that potatoes are best planted in the ground when its temperature at the depth of 10 cm warms up to + 6 - 8 C °.
Coming out of this, through many years of experience, own terms were established for each climatic zone of Ukraine. For the Polesie zone, this is the 2nd - 3rd decade of April, for the Forest-Steppe zone - the 2nd decade of April, for the Steppe zone - the 2nd - 3rd decade of March.
To obtain the early harvest, pre-sprouted tubers with strong sprouts can be planted at the soil with temperature of + 3 - 5 ° C. Planting cut tubers requires the sufficiently heated soil of at least + 8 ° C, this is due to the threat of infection with diseases.
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Potato pests and diseases are the first thing that leads to the decrease in your yield, along with this, its quality is reduced, so there can be storage losses. With untimely and poor-quality protection of potatoes, the yield of tubers is reduced by 28-50% or more. Losses of potatoes during storage as a result of the development of wet and dry rot and other diseases often reach 30-40%.
The new pest and disease control strategy is based on the integrated plant protection system, which is based on the fact that, along with chemical and biological methods for the destruction of potato parasites, a whole range of agrotechnical and technological measures is used, which also includes new potato varieties.
About 50 harmful insects and more than 80 potato diseases have been registered on potatoes.
Wireworms and fake wireworms make wormholes in tubers. When the number of these pests in the soil is 5-6 ind./m2, 80% of tubers are damaged.
Potato harvesting completes the field period of the potato growing cycle. It is necessary to carry out harvesting in such a way as to obtain high-quality tubers and avoid crop losses.
It is necessary to harvest the crop in the short time and as quickly as possible. When the peel becomes coarse and stops peeling, this is a signal to start. The air temperature during this period should not be less than +10 ° C, with the decrease in this indicator, the tubers are injured by 80 - 90%, and this in turn leads to poor storage.
Harvesting potatoes begins with early varieties, while late varieties are harvested last. The most time-consuming process in potato cultivation technology is its harvesting.
First of all, it is necessary to mow the tops and weeds and remove them from the site. After 10 - 12 days after that, the terms for digging come. Potato harvesting methods can be mechanized, combined and completely manual.
Under the right storage conditions, the fresh vegetable can be enjoyed in the spring. Methods for storing potatoes depend on the scale of production, if these are growing enterprises, potatoes are stored in specially equipped storage facilities, if these are small volumes they are stored at home, but the principles themselves remain the same.
Potatoes must be carefully sorted before being put into storage. It is necessary to prevent falling into the total mass of tubers damaged by diseases and pests, cut, broken, etc. Also, before laying, the potatoes must be dried in the open air for several hours.
This contributes to the keratinization of the peel, increases the resistance of potatoes to mechanical damage, and inhibits the development of pathogens.
High-quality seed potatoes want to be used not only by large farms, but also by competent summer residents and gardeners. After all, if it is possible to grow potatoes with your own hands on your site, then you will try to do everything as best as possible, because this is for yourself, and not for sale.
Therefore, let us give some advice on how to handle our seed material in "home" conditions. To get the maximum yield, seed potatoes need to be properly and well prepared for planting.
You need to sort out the seed potatoes you have for planting in advance - before planting the tubers and even before laying them for germination.
Ugly tubers that suffocated during storage, frostbitten, severely damaged by various pests and affected by dry rot, common scab, as well as those that did not sprout after germination or have filamentous sprouts, are rejected.
Careful selection and preparation of healthy tubers increases the ...
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